Security Camera Wiring and Cable Types for CCTV

Having a reliable CCTV surveillance system begins long before you mount the cameras. It starts with proper wiring and choosing the right cable types.

Whether you're shielding your home or securing your business, your security camera wiring setup can make all the difference in ensuring clear, consistent footage.

This guide will walk you through everything about security camera wiring—from understanding the cable types used to installing your wired cameras step by step.

Types of Security Camera Wires

You must understand the different types of security camera wires to ensure your system functions optimally. At the same time, you must understand which wiring type to use to make installing and managing your security camera system easier.

Let’s quickly look at each of them below.

1. Network Ethernet Cable

You need an ethernet cable to install IP security cameras. But you may also want to consider this type of wire when installing an analog system. Ethernet cables typically have about four pairs of insulated copper wires wrapped around one another.

However, network ethernet cables are generally designed to connect devices to a network of things. With the network connectivity generated by these cables, you can access and manage security cameras through a network video recorder. In addition, you can use this cable to power your security camera.

2. Coaxial Cable / Siamese Cable

They are two distinct cables connected. Using a single cable run, you can power security cameras and receive video signals. For instance, the RG-59 Siamese cables are typically used for analog or HD-over-coax security cameras that utilize a BNC connector.

To connect this type of security camera wire, you must separate the cables according to their intended purpose after concluding the cable run. Upon separating the cables, you’ll see that a certain cable has two copper wires designed to supply power to the security cameras.

The larger cable, known as the coaxial table, connects your analog video camera to a DVR system, enabling you to receive video signals from security cameras.

3. Plug-and-Play Cable

They are premade cables set up with already attached color-coded connectors. Regardless of your experience level, these cables are also extremely easy to install because of their thinness and flexibility. Plug-and-play cables are pricier and typically come in predetermined lengths.

This makes it challenging to customize them to meet precise site specifications. Due to their lack of shielding, plug-and-play cables are prone to electromagnetic interference. This is very typical in unshielded camera types, and you must carefully plan your installation to reduce crosstalk.

4. HDMI Cable

Although they are not used in CCTV camera wiring, HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface) cables are beneficial in video security systems. Their primary application is for transmitting audio and video from recorders (like DVRs or NVRs) to monitors for viewing remotely.

With this setup, users can view recorded videos or live footage in clear, high-quality resolution. Usually, coaxial or ethernet cables are used to connect the security cameras to the DVR or NVR, and an HDMI cable connects the recorder to the monitor.

5. VGA Cable

Video Graphics Array Cables, also known as VGA cables, are often used to connect Network Video Recorders (NVRs) or Digital Video Recorders (DVRs) to monitors, which enables the display of security camera footage.

These cables transfer analog video signals and have 15-pin connectors that guarantee a steady connection between devices. For example, a 25-foot VGA cable can connect a DVR or NVR to a VGA monitor input for a clear video output.

Security Camera Connection and Cable Types

There are several types of security camera connections you must consider because video security systems require different types of camera cables.

Understanding the various types of camera cable connectors and which ones are suitable for each system is crucial if you want to create your own CCTV camera wiring instead of purchasing a pre-made cable.

The tables below detail common connectors used with ethernet network cables and coaxial siamese cables and, alongside their applications and characteristics.

Table 1: Coaxial Siamese Cable Connectors

Table 2: Ethernet Network Cable Connectors

Step-by-step Guide to Wiring Security Cameras

Installing security cameras requires thoughtful planning and proper wiring for a smooth operation. Follow our detailed guide to set up your cameras efficiently and shield your system from damage.

Plan Your Installation

Planning is the first step to beginning your installation. It gives you a sense of direction regarding what you want to do.

So, start by deciding which important places you'd like to monitor—driveways, entrances, etc.---to make sure the camera can see clearly. Steer clear of obstacles and consider the camera’s field of view, which is normally 70 to 110 degrees.

Avoid sharp twists that can weaken the signals when routing cables to your DVR/NVR and power supply. Use protective conduits and weatherproof cables for outdoor installations to avoid damage.

Prepare the Security Camera Wires

After planning your installation, the next thing to do is prepare the security camera wires. Here are the tools required for Cat5e/Cat6 ethernet cable preparation: RJ45 connectors, crimping tool, and cable stripper.

1. Trim the Cable to Length

• Determine the length required to attach your camera to the PoE switch or NVR.
• Remain some slack for better cable management and flexibility.
• Use a four-wire security camera wiring diagram when strategizing your wiring layout to identify the exact connections your system requires.

2. Remove the Outer Layer

• Discard an inch (2-3 cm) of the ethernet cable’s outer layer with a cable stripper to reveal the eight insulated copper wires within.
• These wires are then divided into four sets with each set bent together along the cable’s length to minimize signal interference.

3. Untangle the Wires and Arrange Them

• After removing the layer, gently loosen up the twisted wire sets and group them by color.
• Squeeze the wires together to be sure the colors are accurately paired and properly organized.

4. Insert the Wires Into RJ45 Connector

• Place the untangled wires gently into the RJ45 connector.
• Each wire should completely enter the end of the connector.

5. Crimp the Connector

• Securely fasten the RJ45 connector to the cable using a crimping tool.
• Doing this will generate a strong electrical connection between the copper wires and metal pins in the connector.

Install the Cameras

Camera installation can be of two types: indoor and outdoor installations. Let's talk about the indoor installation first. You'll find a guide to outdoor installations in the latter part of this article.

• If you're doing an indoor installation, it's always better to place the cameras 8-12 feet above ground level for a broader view.

• Drill little holes and guide cables (through the walls or ceilings) with fish tape.

• Then use cable raceways or clips to protect the cables from damage along baseboards or walls.

• Ensure to reserve extra cable length in case you need to make any adjustments.

• Finally, always take note of the connections by labeling the two ends.

Pro Tip: You may need a PoE switch or injector for distances exceeding 328 feet (if you're using Ethernet (CAT5/6).

Connect the Wiring

Connect the prepared cable's two ends to the camera and the NVR or PoE switch if you're using ethernet cables. There is no need for a separate power cable because this ethernet cable can carry both data and power.

You can store video directly on the camera's internal hard drive or microSD card if it has local storage security camera functionality. This eliminates the need for extra cloud storage or NVR. You must connect another 12V DC power adapter to the camera if it is not compatible with PoE.

Using a coaxial cable? Then connect both of the BNC connectors to the DVR and camera. Attach the pigtail connector to the camera’s power port.

Afterward, plug the negative and positive ends of the 18-gauge wires into the respective negative and positive ports of the multiple-output power supply to deliver power.

Test and Troubleshoot

After connecting all cameras, turn on the system to check that the video feed from each camera is working effectively. Verify that the images are clear, otherwise, change the camera’s angle. 

Simultaneously, double-check for incorrect crimps or loose wires if any camera is not showing a feed. Make sure the network is set up accurately for ethernet configurations. Then check the video connections and power supply for coaxial configurations.

IP vs Coax Security Camera System Wiring

Choosing between IP and coax wiring is essential when setting up a security camera system because they both have different benefits.

IP Security Camera System Wiring: IP cameras use Cat5e or Cat6 ethernet cables to send digital video data over a network. These cables can also power cameras through PoE technology. This way, it simplifies installation by minimizing the need for separate power lines. 

Furthermore, IP systems provide scalability, high-resolution video, intelligent analytics, and remote access. However, the highest effective range for ethernet cables is 100 meters. Outside this, you need switches or signal extenders to maintain performance.

Coaxial Security Camera System Wiring: On the other hand, conventional analog and HD-over-coax cameras utilize coaxial cables for transferring video signals. Coaxial cables are popular for their durability and ability to transport signals over large distances without huge quality loss.

They support existing analog CCTV systems, which makes them an affordable choice for upgrading current installations. However coaxial systems normally need separate power cables, increasing the complexity of installation.

Choosing Between IP vs Coaxial Security Camera System Wiring: Generally, IP camera wiring is preferred when installing a new system or needing advanced features and high-resolution footage. This is because of its flexibility and superior image quality.

Conversely, coaxial wiring is a viable choice when you're upgrading an existing analog system and want to reduce cost. However, you must first evaluate your specific needs, budget, and existing infrastructure to make informed decisions.

How to Run and Wire Security Camera Systems?

Setting up a security camera system involves planning the wiring route and connecting cables correctly for the best performance. We've split this section into two parts. Keep reading as we walk you through the process for a smooth installation.

Part 1: How to Run Security Camera Wires Through Walls?

The steps below will guide you to run security camera wires through walls.

Step 1: Plan the Central Surveillance Hub

Pick a smart, accessible location for your NVR/DVR (e.g., attic or near your router). This will simplify wiring and reduce mess.

Step 2: Turn Off the Power

Ensure safety by turning off the power before touching wires to prevent damage or injury.

Step 3: Drill Holes for Wires

Drill adequately sized holes at outlets or camera sites. Use a straightened metal hanger to check for obstacles inside the walls. For ethernet cables, drill a hole to connect your camera to the router or NVR, and add a PoE injector if required for long distances.

Step 4: Leave Extra Wire Length

Create holes slightly larger than required and leave extra wire for future adjustments. Then, label cable ends for easy identification.

Step 5: Drill Wall Plate Holes

Drill holes in the top or bottom wall plate of the same wall cavity at the desired camera location.

Step 6: Use Fish Tape

Attach the wires to fish tape to guide them through walls and cavities.

Step 7: Run and Shield Wires

Feed the wires to the destination with a partner if needed. Afterward, use protective covers or conduits to protect cables from damage.

Part 2: How to Wire Outdoor Cameras?

Wiring outdoor cameras requires additional precautions against elements and humans. Learn how to safely connect and conceal your cables for a durable and secure setup.

Run Security Camera Wires Outside (Long-Distance Projects)

What if you want to lay security camera wires outside over long distances? Well, you can hide the cables by simply burying them. Follow these steps to learn how.

Step 1: Plan the Wiring Route

Choose a short, simple path for burying conduits to make the process easier.

Step 2: Protect the Wires

Use wire guards, PVC, or metal conduits to prevent tampering by animals or humans. If you're not using conduits, leave drip loops to prevent water from reaching power outlets.

Step 3: Run Power or Data Cables

For PoE cameras, fish a Cat5 or Cat6 cable that provides both data and power. Run power cables to a waterproof and weatherproof outlet (for wireless cameras).

Step 4: Mark the Hole Location

Identify and mark where you need to drill to run the wires.

Step 5: Drill Holes

Drill carefully using a right-angle drill with hole saw bits, with holes focusing on the studs. Then drill slowly to avoid pressing too hard and stop once the wall is penetrated.

Step 6: Bury the Conduit

Bury PVC conduits at least 18 inches deep or metal conduits at least 6 inches.

Step 7: Fish the Wires

Attach wires to fish tape, secure them with electrical tape, and prepare for pulling.

Step 8: Pull the Wires

One person should feed the wires while another should pull slowly at intervals to prevent tangling or damage. Pull evenly to protect the wires and avoid injury.

Install Security Camera Wires from Inside to Outside

If you have a security camera placed within your house, here's how to install the wires from inside to outside.

Step 1: Choose the Camera Placement

Decide on the exact location for the camera installation.

Step 2: Drill Necessary Holes

Drill a hole from the camera's position to the router or NVR (for PoE camera cabling). For outdoor wireless cameras, drill only for the power cable.

Step 3: Hide the Wires

Use wire guards to conceal and protect the wires.

Note: Seal all holes after installation to prevent moisture from damaging the electrical connections and causing costly repairs.

Hide Security Camera Wires Outside

Follow the guidelines below to hide security camera wires outside.

Step 1: Plan the Wiring Route

Select the shortest possible route to simplify the burial process.

Step 2: Prepare the Pipes

Gather pipes such as metal conduit or PVC pipes to shield the wiring.

Step 3: Mark Drilling Points

Identify and mark where holes need to be drilled for the wires.

Step 4: Bury the Pipes

Bury PVC pipes at least 18 inches deep and metal pipes at least 6 inches.

Step 5: Run the Cables

Use fish tape to pull wires through the pipes, ensuring they’re concealed and protected from harsh weather and potential damage.

Security Camera Wiring Diagram

The IP camera connector—RJ45 or 8P8C—is used on either end of the ethernet cables. The cable is made up of eight corresponding wires that are connected individually to eight pins and conductors.

Splicing security camera wires and connecting them to the connection is shown in the 4 wire color diagram below: Each of the 8 wires in this security camera wiring diagram is connected to each of the 8 pins in the IP camera connector.

You can also observe the order in which the wire pairs have been linked because they are color-coded.

Ethernet Network Cable

Ethernet network cable is used to connect devices and supply internet connection to a local network. You can insert them into ethernet ports on different devices. This cable type is mostly used to connect a modem or WiFi router to the internet entry port or telephone line.

Additionally, you can use it to hardwire computers, TVs, and other devices needing a network or internet to function.

Advantages of Ethernet Cables

There are several advantages of using ethernet cables over wireless connections. Below are the advantages of this cable:

1. Consistent performance
2. Relatively low cost
3. Reduced interference
4. Improved security
5. Backward compatibility
6. Lower latency
7. Enhanced stability and reliability
8. High-speed data transfer and quality
9. Resistant to noise

Because of these benefits, ethernet cables have become a preferred option for users needing reliable, fast, and secure network connections.

Wiring for an IP Security Camera System

Ethernet cables are the most popularly used IP camera wire. These cables are made to work with them because IP camera systems require a network connection to transmit video data to a recorder. Ethernet cables serve two purposes: they link IP cameras to the internet and supply power to them.

This means their primary function is to connect your IP camera system to the site's current network. Be proactive about cybersecurity when adding any new devices to your network to prevent security infringement. 

Additionally, you can use them as power cables. Locate the PoE switch on the rear of your NVR to activate this function.

Ethernet Cable for Analog CCTV and HD Camera Systems

Ethernet cables are usually not believed to be a suitable type of analog camera cable. But you can use them with analog systems, and sometimes, ethernet wiring is preferable to the RG59 siamese cable.

If you’re using ethernet cables for analog cameras, remember that you aren’t linking the cameras to the internet. You use them to send video signals to a recorder, just like you would with an RG59 Siamese cable.

With the video balun, you can change the RJ45 connector to a BNC connector. This makes using Cat5e or Cat6 cables with analog cameras possible. Now, why use this method instead of the RG59 Siamese cable?

• Ethernet wiring can be more cost-effective when installing a large volume of cables.

• Ethernet wire is a fantastic substitute for coaxial cable when connecting analog cameras over long distances because it can transfer data over longer distances without losing signal strength.

• There’s a likelihood that an Ethernet cable has already been installed because most sites today are configured with a network connection. You can use this to connect your cameras and save money and time on installation.

Ethernet Network Cable Categories

The different variations of ethernet cables are called Categories or Cat. Every category comprises a different set of standards. But over time these standards change, which birth new categories.

Presently, Cat5 is the least standard available. Anything lower than that is obsolete. Soon, Cat5 cables will become obsolete too because internet speeds are becoming faster.

Cat5 Cable

An old ethernet cables category that supports speeds of up to 100 Megabits per second.

Cat5e Cable

This is an updated version of Cat5. It enables faster speeds with less interference from electrical cables.

Cat6 Cable

Based on the location, it supports speeds of up to 10 gigabits. Its thin wires are helpful for its signal-to-noise ratio. Cat6 cables are stronger than Cat5 cables, making them difficult to run around tight corners.

Coaxial Siamese Cable

Siamese cable has been utilized in conventional, closed-circuit analog camera systems for many years. Excluding internet connectivity, CCTV camera wiring depends on the RG59 siamese cable to convey video signals and supply power.

The “RG59” in RG59 Siamese cable is the thickness of the cable. Thicker coaxial cables can convey video signals farther, but they become much heavier and more challenging to use. Thinner cables make installation easier, but signal quality is sacrificed.

The most widely used analog camera cable is RG59 siamese cable because it is both thin enough to be easily installed and thick enough to transmit signals over most locations.

Advantages of Coaxial Siamese Cables

Coaxial cables have the following benefits for security camera installations:

1. Connects 18-gauge power wires and RG59 coaxial cable for video.
2. It is heavily shielded to reduce electromagnetic interference.
3. Because they come in spools, installers can precisely cut cables to the desired length.
4. Sturdy construction is reliable and durable, making it suitable for long-term installations.
5. Supports analog security cameras up to 4K resolution, and can adapt to different surveillance needs.

Because of these attributes, coaxial Siamese cables have become a preferred option for many CCTV applications.

Coaxial Cable for Analog and HD Camera Systems

The most common application for RG59 siamese cable is in analog coax security camera systems. With twist-on BNC connectors, it is the most viable solution because transmission and power are merged into a single casing.

Installing Siamese cable is simple if you understand the fundamentals. The following are the most essential considerations:

• Ensure that your cameras are positioned in close range to a camera power source. The cabling will be too lengthy to return the signal to your recorder if your cameras are very distant from a power outlet. As a result, there may be a decline in video signals while in transit. 

• To prevent signal interference, run the RG59 siamese cable at least 6 inches away from the existing electrical wiring. Although shielding can alleviate this, it’s necessary to leave some clearance between cables for safety.

Coaxial Cable for IP Camera Systems

Using RG59 siamese cable might appear illogical but it is attainable and effective. This system is called ethernet over coax or IP over coax. It can be expensive to upgrade your existing camera system from analog to IP.

One of the hidden costs associated with a major upgrade is removing outdated CCTV camera wiring and laying new cables. Converters can help you to use your old camera coax cable for panoramic IP cameras if you cannot afford to completely redesign your system at once.

An Ethernet over Coax system offers additional benefits beyond cost savings. It can be very disruptive to destroy the hundreds of feet of cables that surround a site. So, you can slash installation time and lower interference with your daily operations by using your current RG59 siamese cable. 

Buying Pre-Made Cables vs. Bulk Cables

Whether to buy pre-made cable or bulk cable on a roll with individual connectors is the last consideration when deciding on CCTV camera wiring. Each type of security camera wire has pros and cons; in the end, your choice will depend on the specific requirements of your location and its security.

Although purchasing plug-and-play cables saves you time by eliminating the need to cut and measure, they are pricier than bulk cables. Thus, it is a better choice for smaller projects. 

Additionally, remember that pre-made camera cables are available in predetermined lengths, which may result in a less professional appearance than cables that are cut to length. However, purchasing cable in bulk is more affordable and customizable.

Moreover, creating cable lengths takes a lot of time and requires specific tools. For instance, crimp-on and compression are the two attachment methods available if you pick BNC connectors.

Compression provides a longer-lasting result, but crimp-on is faster and less expensive. This is because compression maintains the cable's shape by applying uniform pressure throughout, while crimping flattens the cable and creates a weak spot.

Ultimately, creating your own CCTV camera wiring will require more specialized knowledge; however, if you are capable, purchasing in bulk is more affordable and will produce a better outcome.

Bonus Tips: How to Hide Security Camera Wires Inside Your House

Security cameras typically have a power cable, except for wireless ones. So, you might consider protecting it from external elements and visitors. And one way to do that is by hiding it inside your house.

1. Use a raceway to cover the cables.

A raceway is a plastic covering you can attach to your wall. It houses the cords underneath it. You can purchase it from a hardware or electrical store.

2. Hide the cables in the ceiling or walls.

This is a more permanent and effective method, which will require an electrician. Drill at least two holes in your walls and run the wires through. If you're doing it yourself, ensure you put off your circuit breaker first before doing this.

3. Hide under your roofing.

This method will be suitable if you have a high outlet and a higher angle for your security camera. So, locate the siding material that's on your home and tuck the wires underneath it. You can use glue, hooks, or other tools to hide the cords.

4. Go wireless.

The easiest way to hide your security camera cables is to use a wireless camera. This saves you the stress and time of tucking away cables.

FAQs

What wiring is required for security cameras?

The most common wiring types for security cameras are ethernet cable (Cat5e, Cat6) for IP-based systems and coaxial cable for analog video transmission.

How are security cameras wired?

Security cameras are wired using ethernet cables. These cables travel with both data and power through one cable using the PoE technology, directly linking the camera to an NVR and delivering a stable connection for video transmission.

Do you need an electrician to install wired security cameras?

Yes, to install wired security cameras, you should hire an electrician. Because of their skills and experience, electricians can guarantee a safe installation that complies with local laws.

‍Are Ethernet or Coaxial security wiring best for you?

Although coaxial may be more economical if you're upgrading an existing system with coaxial cabling still in place, ethernet wiring is generally thought to be better compared to coaxial due to its faster data transfer speeds, more flexibility, and compatibility with newer technologies. This makes it a more future-proof choice.

Conclusion

Adequately installing security camera wires is essential for a durable and reliable surveillance system. Similarly, picking the right cable and wiring types is important.

Whether you're installing them indoors or outdoors, proper planning and shielding make your cameras function optimally while securing them against interference and damage.