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MFA (Multi-Factor Authentication)

TL/DR: MFA is a security process requiring multiple verification methods, such as passwords and biometric data, to enhance protection against unauthorized access.

Definition:
Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) is a security process that requires users to provide multiple forms of verification to access a system. It enhances security by combining different factors such as something the user knows, has, or is.

How It Works:
MFA uses at least two verification methods from three categories:

  1. Knowledge: Something the user knows, like a password or PIN.
  2. Possession: Something the user has, like a smartphone or security token.
  3. Inherence: Something the user is, like a fingerprint or facial recognition.

For example, logging into an account may require a password (knowledge) and a one-time code sent to a phone (possession).

Applications:

  • Online Banking: Securing financial transactions and accounts.
  • Corporate Security: Protecting sensitive systems and data.
  • Cloud Services: Ensuring secure access to platforms like email or storage.
  • Healthcare: Safeguarding patient records and medical systems.
  • E-commerce: Preventing unauthorized access to customer accounts.

Key Benefits:

  • Reduces the risk of unauthorized access.
  • Protects against phishing, keylogging, and other cyberattacks.
  • Ensures compliance with security regulations.
  • Increases user trust in system security.

Challenges:

  • May introduce complexity or inconvenience for users.
  • Requires reliable infrastructure for generating and delivering authentication codes.
  • Vulnerabilities if backup methods are not secure.